District Court Is Allowing IIED Claim Against CNN To Move Forward
A U. S. district court is allowing the estate of a woman who killed herself after completing a telephone interview for the Nancy Grace show to pursue an IIED claim against CNN and Ms. Grace. Melinda Duckett, the mother of a small boy who disappeared in 2006, taped an interview with Ms. Grace on or about September 7, 2006. On September 8, shortly before the interview was televised, Ms. Duckett killed herself.
The Plaintiffs, Melinda Duckett’s parents and minor sister and Melinda Duckett’s Estate, allege that the conduct of the Defendants in procuring Ms. Duckett’s appearance on the “Nancy Grace” show, the manner in which Ms. Duckett was questioned on the show, and the Defendants’ decision to air the show following Ms. Duckett’s suicide, are all actionable under state law. More specifically, the Plaintiffs allege in their Complaint that the Defendants promised and represented to Melinda Duckett and her personal attorney that her appearance on the show might assist in efforts to find T.D., while their true intention was to “ambush” Melinda Duckett with accusations, questions and verbal assaults intimating that Ms. Duckett had murdered her own child.
The Complaint further alleges that Nancy Grace and/or her associates and subordinates and producers of the “Nancy Grace” show made a false statement of material fact to Melinda Duckett when they knowingly and fraudulently misrepresented the true purpose of Ms. Duckett’s appearance on the show, and that at the time such fraudulent misrepresentations were made, the Defendants knew that Melinda Duckett was in a severe state of mental anguish and distress. The Plaintiffs allege that despite this knowledge, the Defendants ignored the probability that their conduct would cause Ms. Duckett severe emotional distress and subjected her to outrageous interrogation, fist-pounding, and veiled accusations that she was responsible for her child’s disappearance and death. The Complaint further alleges that this deliberate and outrageous conduct intentionally caused Ms. Duckett severe emotional distress and either caused, or was the proximate cause, of Melinda Duckett’s suicide.
With respect to Ms. Duckett’s family, the Complaint alleges that the Defendants’ decision to air the interview with Ms. Duckett following her suicide as well as to reference and/or re-broadcast the interview was in malicious and contumacious disregard to inflicting severe emotional distress and damage on Ms. Duckett’s family. The Complaint further alleges that as a result of the airing of the Melinda Duckett interview, her family was subjected to media and public harassment, as well as debilitating emotional distress.
The plaintiffs originally filed in state court but the defendants removed to federal court.
The Plaintiffs’ first claim, which was brought by the Estate of Melinda Duckett under Florida’s Wrongful Death Act, Fla. Stat. §768.19, is premised on a theory of intentional infliction of emotional distress. The Plaintiffs contend that the Defendants deliberately and intentionally convinced Melinda Duckett to appear on the “Nancy Grace” show for the sole purpose of badgering and verbally assaulting Ms. Duckett, and inferring that she killed her child, in order to increase broadcast ratings. Under Florida’s Wrongful Death Act, the decedent’s estate can only recover where “the death of a person is caused by the wrongful act, negligence, default, or breach of contract or warranty of any person, … and the event would have entitled the person injured to maintain an action and recover damages if death had not ensued… .” Fla. Stat. §768.19. Therefore, the Plaintiffs can only proceed on this claim if they can establish an underlying cause of action for which Melinda Duckett could have recovered had she survived.In order to state a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress in Florida, the Plaintiffs must show: “(1) the wrongdoer’s conduct was intentional or reckless; (2) the conduct was outrageous; (3) the conduct caused emotional distress; and (4) the emotional distress was severe.” …Florida has established a very high standard for claims of intentional infliction of emotional distress, and only in extreme circumstances will courts uphold such claims. “Liability has been found only where the conduct has been so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” … Emphasizing the stringent requirements of Florida law governing this tort is the fact that only ten (10) reported cases can be found in which a judgment for damages has actually been entered in favor of a successful plaintiff, and affirmed on appeal. Pleading a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress is one thing, avoiding summary judgment or prevailing at trial is quite another….Here, we are dealing only with a challenge to the sufficiency of the pleadings, which must be considered in light of the extremely lenient “notice pleading” standard applied in federal courts….The Defendants argue that even if they did engage in the conduct the Plaintiffs accuse them of, it does not rise to the level of “outrageousness” sufficient to establish a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress under Florida law. This may well be true, however at this point in the litigation, the record is insufficiently developed to determine whether the Defendants’ alleged conduct amounted to extremely outrageous behavior such that the Plaintiffs could recover. In particular, the Plaintiffs have alleged that at the time the Defendants secured Ms. Duckett’s appearance on the show, the Defendants were very much aware that Ms. Duckett was already suffering emotional and psychological stress from the disappearance of her son, and at least one Florida court has recognized that in similar situations, “[t]he potential for severe emotional distress is enormously increased.” Williams v. City of Minneola, 575 So. 2d 683, 691 (Fla. 5th Dist. Ct. App. 1991). Thus, where the alleged conduct on the part of the Defendants may not be considered outrageous when the victim is of ordinary emotional and mental status, such conduct may become actionable (and liability may exist) when the alleged victim suffers from known emotional and/or psychological trauma.…Given the lack of any record evidence at this point concerning Ms. Duckett’s mental state and the Defendants’ level of knowledge about it, as well as the absence of any evidenceconcerning what exactly was said to Ms. Duckett both during the initial conversations with the Defendants’ producers and during the taping of the “Nancy Grace” show, the Court simply cannot yet reach a decision as to whether the Defendants’ conduct was “outrageous” under Florida law. Determining on the pleadings as a matter of law whether Defendants’ alleged conduct is actionable for intentional infliction of emotional distress would therefore be premature.…The Plaintiffs’ second claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress is brought on behalf of Melinda Duckett’s parents and minor sibling and is predicated on the Defendants’ decision to air the telephone interview with Ms. Duckett on the “Nancy Grace” show hours after Ms. Duckett’s suicide, and to continue to air report on and/or air the interview on several other occasions. According to the Complaint, the Defendants’ actions have caused Ms. Duckett’s family severe and continued emotional distress for which they have sought psychological counseling. The Defendants again argue that this claim should not go forward because the alleged conduct is not sufficiently outrageous to be actionable under Florida law. This presents a much closer question because, whatever their attitude was toward the Plaintiffs, the Defendants had a business purpose protected by the First Amendment in going forward with the broadcasts after Melinda Duckett’s death. However, just as with the claim by Ms. Duckett’s Estate, the Court finds that the family’s claim cannot be disposed of at the motion to dismiss stage. As an initial matter, there is no dispute that the Plaintiffs have alleged their prima facie case. And, at least one court in Florida has recognized a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress brought by a family based on a the treatment of a deceased family member….While the facts in that decision may prove to be more egregious than the facts in this case, the Court cannot make that determination without any record evidence. As it stands, Florida courts have shown “a particular solicitude for the emotional vulnerability of survivors regarding improper behavior toward the dead body of a loved one, [as well as] special deference … to family feelings where rights involving dead bodies are concerned… .” …When dealing with survivors of a decedent, “behavior which in other circumstances might be merely insulting, frivolous, or careless becomes indecent, outrageous and intolerable.” …Therefore, and in light of the extremely lenient notice pleading standard which the Court must follow at this stage, the Defendants’ motion to dismiss Count II shall be denied.